There Are Literary Devices In Poems... Suprise....

Page 304 poem 243

The Freaks at Spurgin Road Field
Richard Hugo

The dim boy claps because the others clap.
The polite word, handicapped, is muttered in the stands.
Isn't it wrong, the way the mind moves back.

One whole day I sit, contrite, dirt, L.A.
Union Station, '46, sweating through last night.
The dim boy claps because the others clap.

Score, 5 to 3. Pitcher fading badly in the heat.
Isn't it wrong to be or not be spastic?
Isn't it wrong, the way the mind moves back.

I'm laughing at a neighbor girl beaten to scream
by a savage father and I'm ashamed to look.
The dim boy claps because the others clap.

The score is always close, the rally always short.
I've left more wreckage than a quake.
Isn't it wrong, the way the mind moves back.

The afflicted never cheer in unison.
Isn't it wrong, the way the mind moves back
to stammering pastures where the picnic should have worked.
The dim boy claps because the others clap.

The first literary device and possibly the most prominent one in the entire poem is the use of repetition.   The repetition truly hammers home the general idea of the poem when they repeat the line “the dim boy claps because the others clap”. Its poignant resonance keeps the line fresh in your mind as you read and sets the mood. Had the line been stated only once the continuity of the poem would have faltered and the message it was trying to state would have been far less affective.

            The other line repeated “isn’t it wrong, the way the mind moves back.” Contrasts the message sent in the first repeated line. The first line strongly implies a lack of thought by implying that the boy claps only because he sees other doing it. There is absolutely no free will in the boy’s action. Contrary this line shows a lack in free will for an entirely different reason. This line echoes the idea that your thoughts can’t be consciously controlled and will continually revert in a regressive pattern.

            Another literary device used is the use of rhetorical questions. These questions are not meant to be answered within the poem but meant to stir within the reader a moral question. “Isn't it wrong to be or not be spastic?” simple on the surface, true, but on further examination and when paired with the repeated line of “Isn't it wrong, the way the mind moves back” it hearkens within the reader a sense of moral ambiguity that needs to be solved. This marks a truly good poem when the reader feels a sense of questioning and a certain sense of distress. Unlike the dim boy this poem causes you to question why you are clapping using a tastefully placed ambiguous question.

            As for my opinion and interpretation of this poem I was subtly confused at first when I read it. I got caught up in the game references along with the scores. But on a second reading I saw how much it was commenting on society. When they referred to how the “polite” word for it was handicapped I understood they were refereeing to the “freaks” in society. I understood even more as they mentioned the abusive father. This could be taken as a spectacle and the narrator comments on how he watches yet feels ashamed. He watches this “ freak” with displeasure but fascination and the dim boy claps along with the dumb masses just because he feels he should. I felt this is a very true statement for today with TV. People nowadays gain pleasure from watching the misfortune of others and the “ freaks” of our society and we all clap and laugh just because it happens to be in style.

Page 317 poem number 258

The Victims

When Mother divorced you, we were glad. She took it and
took it, in silence, all those years and then
kicked you out, suddenly, and her
kids loved it. Then you were fired, and we
grinned inside, the way people grinned when
Nixon's helicopter lifted off the South
Lawn for the last time. We were tickled
to think of your office taken away,
your secretaries taken away,
your lunches with three double bourbons,
your pencils, your reams of paper. Would they take your
suits back, too, those dark
carcasses hung in your closet, and the black
noses of your shoes with the large pores?
She had taught us to take it, to hate you and take it
until we pricked at your
annihilation, Father. Now I
pass bums in doorways, the white
slugs of their bodies gleaming through slits in their
suits of compressed silt, the stained
flippers of their hands, the underwater
fire of their eyes, ships gone down with the
lanterns lit, and I wonder who took it and
took it from then in silence until they had
given it all away and had nothing
left but this
             A prominent literary device used in this poem is metaphor. There are metaphors used through out the entire poem and contribute to creating the deplorable image to of the father. Everything down to his clothing is turned into a slimy disgusting foreign object “Would they take your suits back, too, those dark carcasses hung in your closet, and the black noses of your shoes with the large pores?” This metaphor creates a gruesome yet entrancing image and explain the situation and personality of the father far better than saying he is bad.
            Another literary device used in this poem is allusion. The poet alludes to Nixon’s last ride in the helicopter as it leaves the green. This allusion tells a deeper statement about the father and what the children had once thought of him. Nixon was at one point in his career a respected leader but then greatly betrayed an entire nation. This allusion encompasses not only the lost respect of the children but also the deep sense of betrayal they feel. It also shows exactly how much joy they felt in watching him leave. This allusion adds depth to the poem that a simple metaphor or simile could not add and adds gravity and weight to how the children feel towards their father.
            As for my opinion I never thought something could be so outstandingly gruesome and foul while being beautiful at the same time. The emotions of the true victims and how their youth was ripped out from under them was vulnerably captured in the descriptive metaphors and similes. When the poem broadened at the end to encompass any “Now I pass bums in doorways, the white slugs of their bodies gleaming through slits in their suits of compressed silt” I realized just how much this man has marked these children. He has skewed how they view the entire world and even made them see what could have been innocent poverty stricken people as slime and only in that situation because they too have “given it all away and had nothing left but this”.